Chronic pain refers to pain that lasts for more than 3 months and can occur persistently or repeatedly. Chronic nonspecific low back pain (cLBP) is characterized by substantial emotional distress or disability, particularly impacting daily activities and social participation. This condition is prevalent globally and poses a significant health issue.
Long-term follow-up of patients treated with open-label placebo (OLP) is nonexistent. In this article, we report a 5-year follow-up of a 3-week OLP randomized controlled trial (RCT) in patients with chronic low back pain